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What is the aging of porcelain insulators, and what are the mechanisms underlying this aging?
Aging of Porcelain Insulators:
From the moment the insulator is bonded to the flange, during handling, installation, and operation, it is subjected to mechanical and electrical loads, which gradually degrade its mechanical and electrical performance. This process is referred to as aging.
Aging mechanism:
1. If, during the manufacturing process, the formulation is inappropriate, the raw materials are not uniformly mixed, or the firing temperature is insufficient, manufacturing defects may arise. Under mechanical loading, these microscopic cracks propagate and eventually develop into catastrophic fractures.
2. Man-made cumulative damage incurred during transportation and installation, etc.
3. During operation, the differing coefficients of thermal expansion among metal flanges, concrete, and porcelain insulators lead to increased internal stresses as temperatures fluctuate; this effect is particularly pronounced under conditions of water ingress and freezing.
4. Mg, Ca, and other components in the adhesive are deleterious; under the influence of moisture, they continuously swell, increasing internal stresses and leading to cracking of the ceramic body or fracture of the flange.
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